diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/DAOUsage.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/DAOUsage.java
index 24a649d..7b193f0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/DAOUsage.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/DAOUsage.java
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 package fr.univ_amu.iut.dao;
 
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Academie;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Discipline;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Thematique;
 import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Usage;
 
+import java.util.List;
+
 public interface DAOUsage extends DAO<Usage>{
+	List<Usage> findByCriterias(Thematique thematique, Discipline discipline, Academie academie);
+	List<Usage> findByName(String substring);
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOFactoryJPA.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOFactoryJPA.java
index b4d0549..e6a4d63 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOFactoryJPA.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOFactoryJPA.java
@@ -2,14 +2,46 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.dao.jpa;
 
 import fr.univ_amu.iut.dao.*;
 import fr.univ_amu.iut.dao.factory.DAOFactory;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Academie;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Discipline;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.RegionAcademique;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Thematique;
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
 import jakarta.persistence.Persistence;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
 public class DAOFactoryJPA implements DAOFactory {
 
     private EntityManager entityManager;
 
+
+    // Pas sûr de ou initialiser la base de données
+    /*
+     On part du principe que les données dans la base de données sont inconnues :
+     certaines données peuvent être insérées et d'autres non. Nous faisons attention aux erreurs
+     Nous essayons d'être persistents aux erreurs
+     */
+
+
+    private <T> void insertAllHelper(DAO<T> dao, Collection<T> list){
+        if(dao.findAll().size()==0){
+            entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
+            list.forEach(obj -> entityManager.persist(obj));
+            entityManager.getTransaction().commit();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public DAOFactoryJPA(){
+
+        insertAllHelper(createDAORegionAcademique(), RegionAcademique.toutes());
+        insertAllHelper(createDAOAcademie(), Academie.toutes());
+        insertAllHelper(createDAOThematique(), Thematique.toutes());
+        insertAllHelper(createDAODiscipline(), Discipline.toutes());
+    }
+
     public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
         if(entityManager == null){
             EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("gestionUsagesPU");
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOThematiqueJPA.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOThematiqueJPA.java
index fd29a25..da39696 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOThematiqueJPA.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOThematiqueJPA.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public class DAOThematiqueJPA extends DAOBaseClassJPA<Thematique> implements DAO
 	@Override
 	public Thematique getById(int id) {
 		TypedQuery<Thematique> query = entityManager.createNamedQuery("Thematique.findById", Thematique.class);
-		query.setParameter("numEt", id);
+		query.setParameter("id", id);
 		return query.getSingleResult();
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOUsageJPA.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOUsageJPA.java
index 5101fe5..1c0a6cd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOUsageJPA.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/dao/jpa/DAOUsageJPA.java
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package fr.univ_amu.iut.dao.jpa;
 
 import fr.univ_amu.iut.dao.DAOUsage;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Academie;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Discipline;
+import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Thematique;
 import fr.univ_amu.iut.model.Usage;
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
 import jakarta.persistence.TypedQuery;
@@ -25,4 +28,21 @@ public class DAOUsageJPA extends DAOBaseClassJPA<Usage> implements DAOUsage {
 		query.setParameter("numEt", id);
 		return query.getSingleResult();
 	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<Usage> findByCriterias(Thematique thematique, Discipline discipline, Academie academie) {
+		TypedQuery<Usage> query = entityManager.createNamedQuery("Usage.findByCriterias", Usage.class);
+		query.setParameter("thematique", thematique);
+		query.setParameter("discipline", discipline);
+		query.setParameter("academie", academie);
+		return query.getResultList();
+	}
+
+
+	@Override
+	public List<Usage> findByName(String substring) {
+		TypedQuery<Usage> query = entityManager.createNamedQuery("Usage.findByName", Usage.class);
+		query.setParameter("substring", "%"+substring+"%");
+		return query.getResultList();
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Academie.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Academie.java
index 9e55f83..4d1b0ce 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Academie.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Academie.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
         @NamedQuery(name = "Academie.findByCode", query = "SELECT p FROM Academie p WHERE p.code = :acaCode"),
 })
 @Entity
-public class Academie {
+public class Academie implements Serializable {
     private final static HashMap<String, Academie> INSTANCES = new HashMap<>();
     @Transient
     public static Academie Mayotte = new Academie("MY", "Académie de Mayotte", RegionAcademique.Mayotte);
@@ -125,4 +126,19 @@ public class Academie {
                 ", regionAcademique=" + regionAcademique +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Academie academie = (Academie) o;
+
+        return code.equals(academie.code);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return code.hashCode();
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Acteur.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Acteur.java
index ca8606e..b797644 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Acteur.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Acteur.java
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
 @NamedQueries({
         @NamedQuery(name = "Acteur.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM Acteur p"),
         @NamedQuery(name = "Acteur.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM Acteur p WHERE p.id = :id"),
 })
 @Entity
-public class Acteur {
+public class Acteur implements Serializable {
     @Id
     @GeneratedValue
     int id;
@@ -52,4 +54,24 @@ public class Acteur {
                 ", identite='" + identite + '\'' +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Acteur acteur = (Acteur) o;
+
+        if (id != acteur.id) return false;
+        if (!identite.equals(acteur.identite)) return false;
+        return type.equals(acteur.type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = id;
+        result = 31 * result + identite.hashCode();
+        result = 31 * result + type.hashCode();
+        return result;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Discipline.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Discipline.java
index 8248d1e..53a5074 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Discipline.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Discipline.java
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+@NamedQueries({
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Discipline.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM Discipline p"),
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Discipline.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM Discipline p WHERE p.id = :id"),
+})
 @Entity
-public class Discipline {
+public class Discipline implements Serializable {
 
     private static final List<Discipline> INSTANCES = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ public class Discipline {
     }
 
     public static List<Discipline> toutes() {
-        return INSTANCES;
+        return new ArrayList<>(INSTANCES);
     }
 
     public static Discipline getById(int id){
@@ -70,4 +75,22 @@ public class Discipline {
                 ", nom='" + nom + '\'' +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Discipline that = (Discipline) o;
+
+        if (id != that.id) return false;
+        return nom.equals(that.nom);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = id;
+        result = 31 * result + nom.hashCode();
+        return result;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Niveau.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Niveau.java
index 1a0e313..ff474b9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Niveau.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Niveau.java
@@ -18,4 +18,12 @@ public enum Niveau {
         }
         return null;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Niveau{" +
+                "nom='" + nom + '\'' +
+                '}';
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/RegionAcademique.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/RegionAcademique.java
index 74bdfb3..2e447f2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/RegionAcademique.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/RegionAcademique.java
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+@NamedQueries({
+        @NamedQuery(name = "RegionAcademique.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM RegionAcademique p"),
+        @NamedQuery(name = "RegionAcademique.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM RegionAcademique p WHERE p.id = :id"),
+})
 @Entity
-public class RegionAcademique {
+public class RegionAcademique implements Serializable {
 
     private static List<RegionAcademique> INSTANCES = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -80,4 +85,23 @@ public class RegionAcademique {
     public String getNom() {
         return nom;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        RegionAcademique that = (RegionAcademique) o;
+
+        if (id != that.id) return false;
+        return nom.equals(that.nom);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = id;
+        result = 31 * result + nom.hashCode();
+        return result;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Ressource.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Ressource.java
index 3dfd19a..dd676c8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Ressource.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Ressource.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ import java.net.URL;
         @NamedQuery(name = "Ressource.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM Ressource p WHERE p.id = :id"),
 })
 @Entity
-public class Ressource {
+public class Ressource implements Serializable {
     @Id
     @GeneratedValue
     int id;
@@ -65,4 +66,19 @@ public class Ressource {
                 ", lienRessource=" + lienRessource +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Ressource ressource = (Ressource) o;
+
+        return id == ressource.id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Thematique.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Thematique.java
index 4fdf27b..f3e436b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Thematique.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Thematique.java
@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 
+@NamedQueries({
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Thematique.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM Thematique p"),
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Thematique.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM Thematique p WHERE p.id = :id"),
+})
 @Entity
-public class Thematique {
+public class Thematique implements Serializable {
 
 
     private final static List<Thematique> INSTANCES = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -88,4 +93,22 @@ public class Thematique {
                 ", nom='" + nom + '\'' +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Thematique that = (Thematique) o;
+
+        if (id != that.id) return false;
+        return nom.equals(that.nom);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = id;
+        result = 31 * result + nom.hashCode();
+        return result;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Usage.java b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Usage.java
index 9607fd0..9591944 100644
--- a/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Usage.java
+++ b/src/main/java/fr/univ_amu/iut/model/Usage.java
@@ -2,17 +2,23 @@ package fr.univ_amu.iut.model;
 
 import jakarta.persistence.*;
 
+import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 @NamedQueries({
         @NamedQuery(name = "Usage.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM Usage p"),
         @NamedQuery(name = "Usage.findById", query = "SELECT p FROM Usage p WHERE p.id = :id"),
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Usage.findByName", query = "SELECT p FROM Usage p WHERE p.nom LIKE :substring"),
+        @NamedQuery(name = "Usage.findByCriterias", query = "SELECT p FROM Usage p WHERE" +
+                "(:thematique is null or :thematique=p.thematique)" +
+                "AND (:discipline is null or :discipline=p.discipline)"+
+                "AND (:academie is null or :academie=p.academie)"),
 })
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name="\"USAGE\"")
-public class Usage {
+public class Usage implements Serializable {
     @Id
     @GeneratedValue
     int id;
@@ -132,4 +138,19 @@ public class Usage {
                 ", commentaire='" + commentaire + '\'' +
                 '}';
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        Usage usage = (Usage) o;
+
+        return id == usage.id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return id;
+    }
 }